Tower of trample bo wei9/14/2023 For example, Thomas Aquinas, borrowing directly from Aristotle's On the Soul, attributed "soul" ( anima) to all organisms but argued that only human souls are immortal. In Judaism and in some Christian denominations, only human beings have immortal souls (although immortality is disputed within Judaism and the concept of immortality was most likely influenced by Plato). Present-day cognates include Dutch ziel and German Seele. The Old English word is cognate with other historical Germanic terms for the same idea, including Old Frisian sēle, sēl (which could also mean "salvation", or "solemn oath"), Gothic saiwala, Old High German sēula, sēla, Old Saxon sēola, and Old Norse sāla. In King Alfred's translation of De Consolatione Philosophiae, it is used to refer to the immaterial, spiritual, or thinking aspect of a person, as contrasted with the person's physical body in the Vespasian Psalter 77.50, it means "life" or "animate existence". The earliest attestations reported in the Oxford English Dictionary are from the 8th century. The Modern English noun soul is derived from Old English sāwol, sāwel. 2.16 Spirituality, New Age, and new religions.
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